Why are the climatic conditions in the Arctic Circle special?

The Arctic consists of ocean surrounded by continental land masses and islands. The central Arctic Ocean is ice-covered round, and snow and ice are present on land for most of the year. The climate within in Circle is very cold, and much of the area is always covered with ice.

The climate of the Arctic, known as the Polar Climate, is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Precipitation in the form of snow is low, but heavy winds whip up fallen snow to create the illusion of constant snowfall. The climate is moderated by the ocean, with regions near the Atlantic and pacific oceans having generally warmer temperatures and heavier snowfalls that the colder and drier interior areas.

In the mid winter months the sun never rises, and temperatures can easily reach lows of
-50 F in the higher latitudes. In the summer months, in the Southern regions, 24 hours of sunlight a day melts the seas and topsoil, and is the main cause of icebergs breaking off from the frozen north and floating south, causing havoc in the Shipping lanes of the North Atlantic.